On the 30th of July 2018, Zimbabwe held its historic plebiscite without its old time leader former President Mugabe who was ousted in a coup in November 2017. There were incidences of harassment and intimidation coupled with a spike in cases of intra party violence. Harassment and intimidation was high in rural areas where villagers were still being forced to submit serial numbers of their BVR slips mostly by traditional leaders and ZANU-PF supporters. Food aid and agricultural inputs were also used as tools of coercion by mostly traditional leaders.
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